If you are looking for the biology neet mnemonics then you are on the right page because here we have shared the Mnemonics of Biology for Fsc, MDCAT preparation.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
"FLAGTOP"
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Luteinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH - melanOcyte stimulating hormone
P: Prolactin
FSH in males
directly stimulates spermatogenesis - sperm look like "FiSH." In females, FSH obviously stimulates ovarian follicles (which secrete estrogens, which stimulate endometrial proliferation).
LH in males
stimulates androgen secretion so males become "Like Hairy Apes" (LH ? A). Androgens also stimulate spermatogenesis, so LH also indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis. In females, LH stimulates the corpus luteum (which secretes estrogens and progesterone, which stimulate the endometrium).
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
"Maggie May Does Not Smoke"
Mutations, Migration, genetic Drift, Non-random mating, Selection.
Cell Cycle
"Go Sally Go! Make Children!"
G1, S, G2, M, C
Growth phase 1, DNA Synthesis (replication), Growth phase 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
Mitosis
"People Meet And Talk", or
"PMAT"
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Meiosis
"PMAT x2"
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II,
(Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)
Chordate Features
"Do Not Pinch People"
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail
Developmental Stages
"Must Be Good"
Morula, Blastula, Gastrula
Fat-soluble Vitamins
"ADEK"
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Gastrointestinal Hormones
(i.e. ones that originate from the GI tract)
"Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite"
Hormone Source Target Triggers Effects
Gastrin Gastric mucosa Stomach Food in stomach, psychic factors Increased HCl secretion & gastric emptying
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Duodenal mucosa Gallbladder & pancreas Amino acids, peptides, fatty acids
Mnemonics for Aerobic Respiration.
Glycolysis: Great Grandpa Frank Franklin
Did Go By Picking Pumpkins( to ) Prepare Pies.
Great=Glucose
GrandPa=Glucose-6-phosphate
Frank=Fructose-6-phosphate
Franklin =Fructose 1,6-bisphosphoglycerate
DId=Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Go= Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
BY=1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate (Step ...a)
Picking =3-Phosphoglycerate
Pumpkins=2-Phosphoglycerate
PrEPare=PEP(Phosphoenol pyruvate)
Pies=Pyruvic Acid.
(Interpret further if phosphate is added then use ATP as a source or removed then make ATP from ADP only exception is Pi(inorganic phosphate) is added directly in the formation of BY (Step ...a) and H2 also removed in the form of NADH2)
Krebs Cycle: C I Knows Some Formula Making Options.
C=Citric acid
I=Iso-citrate
K= α-Ketogluturate
S=Succinate
F=Fumarate
M=Malate
O=Oxaloacetate
(Interpret further C to I isomerase is used bcz isomerisation took place, I to K as it is redox rxn so oxidation and reduction will take place so remove CO2 and also NADH(Reduction and Oxidation respectively),K to S (same oxidation-reduction but indirect ATP is synthesized further) , from S to F as fumarate is formed so FADH is also synthesized..memorise it from F F similarity) F to M we are Making as in mnemonic so for 'making" water is used( the way i memorised ) From M to O (NADH is obtained)
Mnemonics or short tricks to learn ANIMAL KINGDOM
Mnemonic: Sponges---
Pores All Your Sides.
Pore – Porifera
All – Spongilla
Your – Euspongia,
Sides – Sycon.
Examples: Spongilla, Euspongia, Sycon
PHYLUM COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA):
Examples: Physalia, Obelia, Meandrina, Adamsia, Aurelia, Gorgonia, Pennatula, Hydra.
Mnemonic: Physics Objective exams MeinAdam Aur George Ne Pen Hide kiya.
Physics – Physalia
Objective – Obelia
Mein – Meandrina
Adam – Adamsia
Aur – Aurelia
George – Gorgonia
Ne – Cnidaria
Pen – Pennatula
Hide – Hydra.
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES:
Examples: Taenia, Planaria, Fasciola.
Mnemonic: Teeno ki Planning Fail hui.
Teeno – Taenia
Planning – Planaria
Fail – Fasciola
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA:
Examples: Pinctada, Sepia, Octopus, Dentalium, Aplysia, Chaetopleura, Pila, Loligo.
MNEMONIC: Phir se Octopus dekhenge, aap pehle chai pe lo.
Phir – Pinctada
Se – Sepia
Octopus
Dekhenge – Dentalium
Aap – Aplysia
Chai – Chaetopleura
Pe – Pila
Lo – Loligo
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA:
Examples: Ophinuria, Antedon, Asterias, Echinus, Cucumaria.
MNEMONIC: office mein aunty asked for ek cucumber.
Office – Ophinuria
Aunty – Antedon
Asked – Asterias
Ek – Echinus
Cucumber – Cucumaria.
PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES/ NEMATODA:
Examples: Ancylostoma, Wuchereria, Ascaris, Rhabditis.
MNEMONIC: Annie Bechaari AksarReh jati hai
Annie – Ancylostoma
Bechaari – Wuchereria
Aksar – Ascaris
Reh – Rhabditis.
PHYLUM ANNELIDA:
Examples: Hirudinaria, Pheretima, Nereis.
MNEMONIC: HERO PHERE KE TIME NAHITHA.
Hero – Hirudinaria
Phere ke time – Pheretima
Nahi – Nereis.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA:
Examples: Locusta, Limulus, Bombax, Apies, Scorpion, Butterfly, Palaemon, Laccifer, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes.
MNEMONIC: LOLITA BOMBAY AAKAR STORE SE BUTTER PEHLE MAT LENA.
LoLita – Locusta & Limulus
Bombay – Bombax
Aakar – Apies
Store – Scorpion
Butter – Butterfly
Pehle – Palaemon
Mat – Mosquitoes (Anopheles, Culex, Aedes)
Lena – Laccifer.
*Hormones mnemonics*
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
"FLAGTOP"
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Luteinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH - melanOcyte stimulating hormone
P: Prolactin
FSH in males
directly stimulates spermatogenesis - sperm look like "FiSH." In females, FSH obviously stimulates ovarian follicles (which secrete estrogens, which stimulate endometrial proliferation).
LH in males
stimulates androgen secretion so males become "Like Hairy Apes" (LH ? A). Androgens also stimulate spermatogenesis, so LH also indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis. In females, LH stimulates the corpus luteum (which secretes estrogens and progesterone, which stimulate the endometrium).
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
"Maggie May Does Not Smoke"
Mutations, Migration, genetic Drift, Non-random mating, Selection.
Cell Cycle
"Go Sally Go! Make Children!"
G1, S, G2, M, C
Growth phase 1, DNA Synthesis (replication), Growth phase 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
Mitosis
"People Meet And Talk", or
"PMAT"
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Meiosis
"PMAT x2"
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II,
(Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)
Chordate Features
"Do Not Pinch People"
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail
Developmental Stages
"Must Be Good"
Morula, Blastula, Gastrula
Fat-soluble Vitamins
"ADEK"
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Gastrointestinal Hormones
(i.e. ones that originate from the GI tract)
"Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite"
Hormone Source Target Triggers Effects
Gastrin Gastric mucosa Stomach Food in stomach, psychic factors Increased HCl secretion & gastric emptying
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Duodenal mucosa Gallbladder & pancreas Amino acids, peptides, fatty acids in duodenum Contraction of gallbladder & secretion of pancreatic juice
Secretin Gastric mucosa Pancreas Acid in duodenum Increased bicarbonate secretion
Enterogastrone (gastric inhibitory peptide) Duodenal mucosa Stomach Fat digestion products in duodenum Decreases gastric emptying
Hormones that Increase Blood Glucose
"STENGG"
Somatotropin (growth hormone)
Thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon
Glucocorticosteroids
Immunoglobulins
"MADGE"
IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE
Kingdoms
"My Poor Friend Picks Apples"
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Male Reproductive Tract (path of sperm)
"SEVEN UP"
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis
Menstrual Cycle
"FOL(d) M(a)PS"
Ovarian cycle: Follicular phase, Ovulatory phase, Luteal phase
Menstrual cycle: Menstrual flow, Proliferative phase, Secretory phase
The ovarian cycle controls the menstrual cycle. The cycles begin (day 0) when menstrual flow starts. At day 14, the luteal and secretory phases begin and last until day 28, after which the cycles begin again.
Molecular Genetics
"EXons EXpressed, INtrons IN the trash"
DNA expression into mature mRNA
"CUT the PY"
Cytosine, Uracil, and Thiamine are PYrimidines (one-ring structures)
"GAPur"
Guanine and Adenine are PURines (two-ring structures)
"All Tigers Can Growl"
Adenine binds to Thymine; Cytosine bonds to Guanine
Or, "Pure Silver Taxi"
Purines, A and G, bond to pyrimidines, T and C, respectively
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Think of an exercising muscle for a rightward shift:
Exercising muscle is:
hot,
acidic (lactic acid),
hypercarbic,
and has increased 2,3-DPG.
Exercising muscle benefits from increased oxygen unloading from red blood cells.
Proteases in the Duodenum
"Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly"
Enterokinase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Note: The first enzyme is produced by intestinal mucosal cells, while the others are produced in inactive precursor forms by the pancreas.
Enterokinase converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Trypsin converts other trypsinogen molecules into trypsin
Trypsin converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin
Trypsin converts procarboxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase
Trypsin converts proelastase into elastase
Scientific Method
Inductive Reasoning
"IS GOHH"
Induction: Specific ? General. Or, Observation ? Hypothesis ? Hypothesis-testing.
The inductive process proceeds from specific observations to a general hypothesis.
Deductive Reasoning
"D(o)GS"
Deduction: General ? Specific
The deductive process proceeds from a general hypothesis to predictions about specific observations.
Sedimentation
Rate of SeDimentation is proportional to Size and Density
More precisely,
terminal velocity of particle ? radius2 x (density - density of medium)
Sizes
"Bowel Movement" or "BM"
A Bacterium is about 1 Micron (1 mm)
A eukaryotic cell is about 10 times larger (10 mm)
A virus is about 100 times smaller (0.01 mm)
Note: these are very, very rough guides. The ranges of sizes are wide.
Striated Muscle
"ZIAH"
Z-line, I-band, A-band, H-zone
Taxonomy
"King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain"
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Vertebrate Features
"CEVASACK"
Cephalization
Endoskeleton
Vertebrae
Axial skeleton
Skull
Appendicular skeleton
Closed circulatory system
Kidneys
White Blood Cells
(In order of decreasing numbers.)
"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"
N Neutrophils
L Lymphocytes
M Monocytes
E Eosinophils
B Basophils
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